A major new climate report released by the United Nations on Sunday night concludes that a "rapid and far-reaching" transition in how the world uses energy must occur by 2030 to stave off the worst effects of a 1.5-degree rise in the global temperature.
The report was released after a week of deliberations in South Korea on drafting recommendations for policymakers on confronting the effects of a 1.5-degree Celsius rise in the global temperature. The findings will be used to consider upping the goals of the Paris climate change accord, which only sought to limit global warming by 2 degrees.
The report underscores the effects the world is already experiencing as a result of a 1-degree Celsius rise in the global temperature above pre-industrial levels.
“Limiting warming to 1.5 [degree Celsius] is possible within the laws of chemistry and physics, but doing so would require unprecedented changes,” said Jim Skea, co-chair of the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Working Group III, in a statement.
President Trump said his decision to exit the Paris climate accord was based on its imposition of "harsh economic restrictions" on U.S. citizens.
The U.S. is still technically a signatory of the agreement until 2020. It also is a member of the intergovernmental panel that approved the report on Sunday.
The report finds that changing the Paris goals to include a 1.5-degree target would require “rapid and far-reaching” transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities, according to a U.N. summary. That means global man-made emissions of carbon dioxide, a key contributor to global warming from the burning of fossil fuels, would need to drop 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030.
After that, all man-made activities must be a "net zero" contributor of carbon emissions by 2050. That means the global economy must reduce the same amount of emissions that it produces each year, making the world carbon-neutral.
Anti-fossil fuel groups used the report to push their agenda of switching the global economy from fossil fuels to 100 percent renewable energy by mid-century.
"The IPCC report is yet another wake up call for leaders to go further, faster by stopping new fossil fuel projects and ensuring a just transition to 100 percent renewable energy that supports workers and prioritizes racial and economic justice," said May Boeve, executive director of the group 350.org.
But the report also says that getting to that "net zero" emissions goal would likely mean the use of new, unproven, and risky technologies that, quite literally, suck the carbon dioxide out of the air.
Allowing the global temperature to "overshoot" the 1.5-degree target would mean a greater reliance on these technologies in order to reduce the global temperature by below 1.5 degree by 2100. However, there are risks to using such technologies, despite the fact that they are "unproven," the report points out.
The "effectiveness of such techniques are unproven at large scale and some may carry significant risks for sustainable development," the report summary reads.
Countries will consider the changes to the 2015 Paris climate deal at the next major global climate conference in Poland in December.